The FDA plays a crucial role in promoting nutritious diets that support health and wellness in the United States. With the country facing a growing epidemic of preventable diet-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, improving nutrition offers a significant opportunity to reduce these illnesses and premature deaths. By encouraging industry to make foods healthier and providing information to consumers, the FDA aims to promote nutritious eating patterns and empower individuals to make healthier food choices.
One of the key areas of focus for the FDA is reducing sodium intake in the American diet. Excessive sodium consumption can lead to high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. This issue disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority groups in the country. Studies have shown that reducing sodium intake has the potential to prevent hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and illnesses in the coming years.
Currently, almost half of American adults and three in five non-Hispanic Black adults have high blood pressure. Additionally, a significant number of children and teens also have elevated or high blood pressure. The preference for sodium is influenced by early life consumption habits, but taste buds can adapt to lower sodium levels over time. Despite the recommended limit of 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day for individuals 14 years and older, the average sodium intake in the U.S. is around 3,400 milligrams per day.
The majority of sodium consumed by Americans comes from processed, packaged, and prepared foods, rather than from table salt added during cooking or at home. This makes it challenging for individuals to control their sodium intake. Lowering the sodium content of the food supply is essential to provide consumers with more options for a diverse diet that aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
To address this issue, the FDA has established voluntary sodium reduction targets for the food industry. By working with stakeholders and monitoring progress, the FDA aims to gradually reduce sodium levels in foods and allow consumers’ taste buds to adjust to these changes. Data from recent years show that progress has been made in reaching these targets, with about 40% of the goals set in the 2021 guidance already achieved.
In August 2024, the FDA issued a draft guidance document for industry with new, voluntary sodium reduction targets known as Phase II. These targets build upon the Phase I goals set in 2021 and aim to further reduce sodium intake in the food supply. By soliciting input from stakeholders, the FDA seeks to finalize these targets and continue the progress towards reducing average sodium intake by about 20%.
In addition to sodium reduction initiatives, the FDA has taken various actions to promote healthier food choices and nutrition labeling. These include proposed rules to allow the use of salt substitutes in foods, guidance on dietary statements in food labeling, updates to the nutrient content claim “healthy,” and the use of potassium chloride as a substitute for sodium chloride in food labeling.
Consumers can access additional resources and information on nutrition and sodium reduction through the FDA’s website. By providing guidance for industry and engaging with stakeholders, the FDA continues to play a vital role in promoting healthier eating habits and reducing the prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases in the United States.